| With over 25 years of research and experience, | | | | to be a team member when fight or flight |
| we have observed countless groups struggle with | | | | behavior is exhibited. Unless the team is |
| activities in our Team Building Seminars. These | | | | organizationally mandated to remain in existence, |
| groups all had the same common denominators, | | | | this dissatisfaction and frustration among the |
| whether they were strangers or intact work | | | | members will cause it to perish. |
| teams, that became apparent during the first | | | | StereotypingNew groups are particularly |
| activity in which they were asked to work | | | | susceptible to this struggle when individual |
| effectively together.At least four issues were | | | | differences recognized and taken into |
| found to inhibit these start-up groups from | | | | consideration, or generalizations about motives |
| functioning as a team:Task fixation, process | | | | and behaviors are made about the members of a |
| blindness | | | | group?The first common stereotypical behavior to |
| Power struggles | | | | emerge, that we observed, was in male/female |
| Fight versus flight | | | | roles. More often that not, females are given a |
| Stereotyping | | | | secondary role, are not allowed to perform |
| Task Fixation, Process BlindnessIndividual | | | | physical tasks like lifting other, and are listened to |
| members justify any behavior as okay if it | | | | only as a last resort. A more subtle stereotyping |
| contributes to achieving the end-product - | | | | occurs when physical size is equated with |
| successful completion of the tasks needed in | | | | strength, balance, and athletic agility. Often, the |
| achieving the goal. Little or no concern was | | | | largest male is often forced into the position of |
| exhibited for how the group functioned during the | | | | lifting, carrying, or pulling others even when |
| (teambuilding) goal - the process. We were able to | | | | activities in later exercises prove this stereotype, |
| magnify this view by placing time limits on | | | | equating size with strength, is false.We are |
| performance of our exercises within the team | | | | constantly amazed, after only a brief introduction, |
| building seminar.With this view, any means justify | | | | how quickly generalizations are made about |
| the end, like sacrificing team members, forming | | | | individuals. These stereotypes serve as blinders |
| sub-groups to the exclusion of others, or not | | | | and keep the group from using all the resources |
| getting the commitment of all team members, | | | | available to the team.Action Items for Start-Up |
| are justified under the rubric of getting the task | | | | Teams1. Jointly define how the group will |
| accomplished: "We had to do that to get the job | | | | function.The challenge for a new group is to |
| done." Who can argue with success, even if there | | | | establish a way of operating that will allow |
| were casualties along the way? You can, if you | | | | process issues to be noticed, discussed, and taken |
| were one of the casualties.In a new group that is | | | | into account as the group works on the tasks to |
| fixated totally on task success, individuals focus | | | | be accomplished. New groups could profitably |
| on their own needs to the exclusion of the needs | | | | invest time in talking about some key issues:How |
| of others. There is no support, recognition that | | | | should we function as a group |
| individual differences are a potential benefit, | | | | How should we make decisions |
| deferring of egos, brainstorming, seeking | | | | What do we expect from one another |
| commitment, or flexibility. However subtle or | | | | How will we monitor our process so that it |
| covert, selfish competition is justified as | | | | doesn't become a problemGroups that become |
| necessary to expedite the achievement of the | | | | cohesive and maintain effective teamwork |
| goal. | | | | balance attention to tasks and to process issues. |
| Power StrugglesInternal conflicts generally make | | | | Effective team members do not fixate on either; |
| up part of the dynamics when establishing a new | | | | they monitor both and openly discuss needed |
| group. Leadership: do we need a leader, who is | | | | improvements.2. Create a win-win |
| going to lead, or will we follow the appointed | | | | atmosphere.When teams are functioning |
| leader? Teams asked to perform leaderless tasks | | | | effectively, disagreements or differing views are |
| or act as a volunteer group struggle most with | | | | explored not to declare any one view the winner, |
| issues of leadership. In many of our team building | | | | but to seek the best decision. A team, where the |
| seminars, groups explain that many of our | | | | free flow of information is promoted, creates not |
| exercises would have been easier if we had | | | | a win-lose environment but an environment |
| appointed a leader. Yet, after having | | | | encouraging discussion that leads to better |
| experimented with appointing a leader, we | | | | decisions than any of the original positions |
| observed the group's behavior remained the | | | | presented.The group will go through a phase when |
| same. The only difference is that one person, the | | | | power struggles predominate unless the leader or |
| leader, becomes frustrated by his/her inability to | | | | a team member establishes a mode of operation |
| get the groups cooperation and the battle for | | | | and has courage to point out when power |
| influence and power still continues.Dominant | | | | struggles are occurring within the team.Functioning |
| individuals scramble to be recognized and gain | | | | teams realize that leadership can shift from one |
| influence with others. Disagreements over ideas | | | | to another member of the team depending on |
| quickly are positioned as win-lose alternatives. | | | | the task at hand. The designated leader knows |
| Accepting my ideas mean rejecting yours. We | | | | that leadership can be shared or transferred |
| have seen high-achieving executives' egos keep | | | | without any loss of power.3. Manage fight or flight |
| them from "dimming their headlights" and | | | | behavior.Teamwork means managing fight or |
| deferring to other team members.Who's in and | | | | flight behaviors so they do not become |
| who's out is another conflict which often exists as | | | | counterproductive. All members take the |
| part of the dominant-individual struggle. Cliques, | | | | responsibility for monitoring these behaviors and |
| groups within groups, and "We" versus "Them" | | | | focus the group's attention on resolving them |
| are terms used to describe this situation. In new | | | | when they occur.4. Test out your assumptions |
| groups this struggle is fostered by the need to | | | | about team members.Teamwork demands clarity |
| find someone who will support your (teambuilding) | | | | with regard to what each member wants, needs, |
| ideas. Once found, the divisiveness of positions or | | | | and is willing to do. No assumptions are made or |
| lobbying for a majority vote starts. The "outs" | | | | left unchecked. Profitable time can be spent |
| resent the "ins" and will resist their ideas, sabotage | | | | discussing each team member's answers to these |
| their plans, or simply refuse to be fully functioning | | | | three questions:A. What should other team |
| members of the team. | | | | members do more of because it helps me be a |
| Fight or FlightLikewise, in many of our team | | | | more productive team member?B. What should |
| building seminars, the following fight or flight | | | | other team members stop doing because it |
| behaviors were observed:Unwillingness to listen to | | | | hinders my productivity and contribution as a |
| others | | | | team member?C. What should other team |
| Fear of speaking up or fighting for a position | | | | members start doing because this will help me be |
| Low trust in other members, causing withdrawal | | | | a more active and contributing member of this |
| Taking the task too lightly | | | | team?An effective team building seminar will |
| Little group planning | | | | clarify the various roles of team members and |
| Non-involvement | | | | prevent stereotypes and assumptions from |
| Silence as preferable to vulnerabilityRegardless of | | | | determining the group's behavior.If you would like |
| the behavior, the result is the same: the team | | | | to learn more about a Team Building Seminar, and |
| loses resources, energy, and creativity. Decisions | | | | how it can help your team operate more |
| are made and plans are implemented with less | | | | effectively, please contact a CMOE Regional |
| than total group input and support. It is frustrating | | | | Manager. You can reach them at (801) 569-3444. |